Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen and single bonds. These worksheets are generally given to students after they have learned how to build and draw structural formulas for these simple organic molecules an. Knowledge about the names of alkanes is extremely important because the names of alkanes form. Here is a chart containing the systemic name for the first twenty straight chain alkenes. Alkanes and alkenes physical properties and chemical properties mrsmpc. The names of other alkynes are illustrated in the following exercises. Alkanes are of great importance to the different classification systems and the naming of organic compounds because.
Procedure for naming alkenes and alkynes 1 name the longest continuous chain of carbons first making sure to. Many of the same rules for alkanes apply to alkenes. Alkynes are similar to alkenes in both physical and chemical properties. Alkanes you must know how to name and draw straight chain and branched alkanes. Iupac nomenclature is based on naming a molecules longest chain of carbons connected by. The naming conventions for these compounds are similar to those for alkanes. Quiz 70 most hydrogen atoms are not shown for clarity 1 2 cc c c c c cc cc c c c c 3 4 c c c cc c c br c c c c c c c c c 5 6 c ccc ff f c ccc cc h h 7 8 c ccc c 2 2 c no no c ccc 2 c nh. Naming hydrocarbons diman regional voctech serving. To work out the best way to distinguish alkanes from alkenes. Indicate the number of carbon atoms in the chain with a prefix followed by the ending ane. Then we name the branches based upon how many atoms they contain and number the branches by the atom in the parent chain they connect to, keeping the numbers as low as possible. Unsaturated hydrocarbons compare the following structures of ethane, ethene and. H 3 c ch 2 ch 2 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 ch 2 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 parent pentene not hexene.
It contains examples with substituents, cycloalkenes, cis trans isomers and naming alkenes. Number the longest chain to give th e carbon atoms of the double bond the smallest. Many functional groups contain oxygen atoms, such as alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. Alkanes are part of a more general category of compounds known as hydrocarbons. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen saturated hydrocarbons. Unbranched alkenes are analogous to unbranched alkanes. Naming and drawing alkynes and cyclic hydrocarbons for each write the correct iupac name. Short summary of iupac nomenclature of organic compounds. Learn the important physical and chemical properties of the alkanes. The following steps are taken in naming an alkane with a branched chain. Alkenes having one double bond, thus lost 2 hydrogens or alkynes a triple. Alkanes and cycloalkanes section 2 of organic chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 21 through page 218 and covers all youll need to know about the following lecturebook topics. Union of pure and applied chemistry iupac names for alkynes parallel those of. Learn the iupac system for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes.
Compounds with at least one double or triple bond 2. In case of alkenes double bond linkages are seen and in alkynes, triple bond linkages are present. Organic nomenclature alkanes alkenes alkynes books organic nomenclature alkanes alkenes alkynes thank you for reading organic nomenclature alkanes alkenes alkynes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with cc bonds and alkynes are hydrocarbons with c. Name the parent hydrocarbon by locating the longest carbon chain that. Many natural odors and flavors were discovered to be esters and therefore, many synthesized esters are used in perfumes and foods. Historically, chemists developed names for new compounds without any systematic guidelines. Naming alkenes, iupac nomenclature practice, substituent, e z. Naming and drawing alkenes for each alkene write the correct iupac name.
Alkanes and alkenes worksheet igcse coordinated sciences. This naming is the reason why we still call functional groups alkanes saturated. Rules for naming alkanes if the chain has 2 more identical groups joined to it. Main idea alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least. Alkanes, or saturated hydrocarbons, contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Draw the line bond structures for the following alkenes, cyclic alkenes, and alkynes. Quiz 70 most hydrogen atoms are not shown for clarity 1 2 cc c c c c cc cc c c c c 3 4 c c c cc c c br c c c c c c c c c 5 6 c ccc ff f c ccc cc h h 7 8. Finish the straight chain alkane practice at the end of the notes. I couldnt find another worksheet, but the workbook covers these topics. Organic nomenclature alkanes, alkenes, alkynes naming organic compounds can be a challenge to any chemist at any level. Rules for naming alkanes name the group joined to the chain and state the number of the carbon atom to which it is joined. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes alkene chlorine. Name the parent hydrocarbon by locating the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond and name it according to the number of carbons with the suffix ene. Saturated compounds contain single bonds only and unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds. Ester lab introduction esters are a group of organic compounds best known for their interesting odors and flavors. Naming and drawing alkenes for each, draw a structural diagram line, condensed or complete.
Naming alkenes and alkynes introduction to chemistry. Compound with only single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons. Higher alkenes and alkynes are named by counting the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain that includes the double or triple bond and appending an ene alkene or yne alkyne suffix to the stem name of the. Common names of substituted and unsubstituted alkenes. The simple difference between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes are much more stable than alkenes because of the presence of the cc double bond. Hydrocarbon hydrocarbon nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes.
Introduction to alkenes and alkynes in an alkane, all covalent bonds. Naming and drawing alkanes for each alkane write the correct iupac name. Alkenes and alkynes, on the other hand, are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are all organic hydrocarbons. Naming and drawing alkynes and cyclic hydrocarbons date. Naming alkanes concept chemistry video by brightstorm. The lewis structures and models of methane, ethane, and pentane are illustrated in figure \\pageindex1\. Naming hydrocarbons petroleum or crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Nomenclature for alkyl halides, alcohols, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanesandalkenesworksheet how can we distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. For each write the correct tupac namc for cach, draw a structural diagram inc, condensed or complete 17. The carbon chain is numbered to give the lowest possible number to the multiple bond nearest the end of the longest chain.
For full details, visit the international union of pure and applied chemistry, or iupac. Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes iupac. Alkenes and alkynes organic chemistry science khan. Alkanes 2 organic chemistry nowadays almost drives me mad. Hydrocarbons 365 unit after studying this unit, you will be able to name hydrocarbons according to iupac system of nomenclature.
The following table lists the iupac names assigned to simple continuouschain alkanes from c. Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp 3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen. Lecture outline class odds and ends defining unsaturation in hydrocarbons naming alkenes and alkynes cis and trans isomers reactions of alkenes and alkynes o hydrogenation o halogenation o hydrohalogenation o hydration polymers aromatic compounds properties of aromatic compounds 1. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The three simplest families of hydrocarbons are known as the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Check your understanding alkanes, branched alkanes lesson. Level 1 alkanes level 2 alkenes level 3 alkynes level 4 benzenes level 5 dienes level 6 trienes level 7 cyclic compounds level 1 naming alkanes i found over the years that just giving the rules is overwhelming for naming organic compounds. Dec 01, 2016 this organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to name alkenes using the iupac nomenclature system. An organic molecule is one in which there is at least one atom of carbon, while a hydrocarbon is a molecule which only contain the atoms hydrogen and carbon. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like. Name the longest chain as an alkane, then convert the suffix ane to ene. Organic chemistry university of california riverside.
Level 1alkanes level 2alkenes level 3 alkynes level 4 benzenes level 5 dienes level 6 trienes level 7 cyclic compounds. Alkenes are named using the same general naming rules for alkanes, except that the suffix is now ene. When it comes to naming organic compounds, reference is made to various rings, pendant groups, and bonding combinations. The rules for alkenes are similar to those used for alkanes. Provided the academic center for excellenceby 2 naming organic compounds june 2016 lastly, if the compound is in a ring, use the prefix cyclo. Alkenes and alkynes organic chemistry science khan academy. The acidity is mainly due to the increase in the scharacter which causes an increase in acidity. This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to name alkenes using the iupac nomenclature system. Fgs behave similarly in every molecule they are part of. Naming when naming alkanes, commas are used between numbers, and dashes are used between letters and numbers.
I found over the years that just giving the rules is overwhelming for naming organic compounds. Write the name of each of the hydrocarbon molecules shown below. A functional group is a part of the molecule that is responsible for its chemical reactions, such as oh, nh2, co, co2h, etc. Groups derived from alkenes, alkynes or combined hydrocarbons are named by. Page 1 naming alkynes o naming alkynes is just like naming alkanes o to start, replace the ending ane with yne o triple bonds get the lowest possible number on the parent carbon chain. Alkynes may have one or more triple bonds in their structure. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes free download as powerpoint presentation. Alkanes and cycloalkanes section 2 of organic chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 21 through page 218 and covers all youll need to know about the following lecturebook topics section 2 the nature of organic compounds. These worksheets are generally given to students after they have learned how to build and draw structural formulas for.
The reaction of acetylene with bromine is a typical example. The generic name for this family of compounds is alkanes. Worksheet naming and drawing alkanes and alkynes answers. Alkenes and alkynes are generally more reactive than alkanes due to the electron density available in their pi bonds.
The longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes. When it comes to alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, the acidity is in the order of alkynes alkenes alkanes. For alkyne nomenclature, the ene or ane suffix is replaced by yne. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms that contains the carbon. Rules for naming alkynes molecules with a carboncarbon triple bond. Alkenes and alkynes can be transformed into almost any other functional group you can name. Naming hydrocarbons diman regional vocational technical. These worksheets are for practicing organic chemistry nomenclature for basic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Determination of an equilibrium constant using spectroscopy.
Alkynes are similar to alkenes, except they involve a triple bond between two carbons rather than a double bond. The simplest alkyne, c 2 h 2, goes by the name ethyne or its common name, acetylene. Naming alkenes, iupac nomenclature practice, substituent. Chemically, the alkynes are similar to the alkenes. Ethylene and acetylene are synonyms in the iupac nomenclature system for ethene and ethyne, respectively. Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms that contains the double bond. A sidechain is a branch off the main backbone of the molecule and a sidechain may also contain functional groups. The international union of pure and applied chemistry iupac names for alkynes parallel those of alkenes, except that the family ending is yne rather than ene. The same rules of alkene nomenclature apply to alkynes. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. Naming alkanes can be difficult because each alkane consists of a parent chain and one or more branches. Naming straightchain alkanes by now, you have likely noticed.
When we discuss the chemical reactions of alkenes, we will see that the primary site of reaction is the double bond and the most common type of reaction is the addition of atoms to the double bond to make a saturated molecule. Some other functional groups contain nitrogen atoms, such as the amines and amides. Alkanes are the family of saturated hydrocarbons, that is, molecules. Hydrocarbon nomenclature of alkenes and alkynes britannica.
For example, alkynes undergo many of the typical addition reactions of alkenes. Some hydrocarbons such as alkenes and alkynes contain sp2 or sphybridized carbon atoms. The physical properties of alkenes are similar to those of the alkanes. Alkanes and cycloalkanes 11 million organic compounds which are classified into families according to structure and reactivity functional group fg. In this century, the need for standardization was recognized. First, it is necessary to count the number of atoms in the longest chain.
1443 414 465 1029 458 86 290 987 731 91 497 1154 1485 444 342 878 1158 1440 914 1190 163 1634 662 254 381 1272 1614 406 480 1433 910 880 1013 188 251 926 1660 1042 14 1281 624 1436 412 1164 1104 1268 1090 497 1022 186 252